Privacy in crowdsourcing:a systematic review

The advent of crowdsourcing has brought with it multiple privacy challenges. For example, essential monitoring activities, while necessary and unavoidable, also potentially compromise contributor privacy. We conducted an extensive literature review of the research related to the privacy aspects of crowdsourcing. Our investigation revealed interesting gender differences and also differences in terms of individual perceptions. We conclude by suggesting a number of future research directions.</p

The Agrarian Life of the North 2000 BC AD 1000

The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant research on rural settlement and farming from the Late Neolithic through the Early Medieval Period in Norway. It deals with the impact of climate change, plague and the AD 536â 7 volcanic event and some of the earliest farms north of the Arctic Circle. It provides new perspectives and archaeological evidence for the Viking age farm of Norway, differences in regional settlement structures of agrarian societies, the relation between houses and graves in the Iron Age, and varying food practices as indicators of societal change

The Agrarian Life of the North 2000 BC AD 1000

The 14 articles presented in this publication represent some of the latest and most relevant research on rural settlement and farming from the Late Neolithic through the Early Medieval Period in Norway. It deals with the impact of climate change, plague and the AD 536â 7 volcanic event and some of the earliest farms north of the Arctic Circle. It provides new perspectives and archaeological evidence for the Viking age farm of Norway, differences in regional settlement structures of agrarian societies, the relation between houses and graves in the Iron Age, and varying food practices as indicators of societal change

Adaptation of Brucella melitensis Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing to the ISO 20776 Standard and Validation of the Method

This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Themes in Brucella and Brucellosis.Brucellosis, mainly caused by Brucella (B.) melitensis, is associated with a risk of chronification and relapses. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) standards for B. melitensis are not available, and the agent is not yet listed in the EUCAST breakpoint tables. CLSI recommendations for B. melitensis exist, but they do not fulfill the requirements of the ISO 20776 standard regarding the culture medium and the incubation conditions. Under the third EU Health Programme, laboratories specializing in the diagnostics of highly pathogenic bacteria in their respective countries formed a working group within a Joint Action aiming to develop a suitable method for the AST of B. melitensis. Under the supervision of EUCAST representatives, this working group adapted the CLSI M45 document to the ISO 20776 standard after testing and validation. These adaptations included the comparison of various culture media, culture conditions and AST methods. A Standard Operation Procedure was derived and an interlaboratory validation was performed in order to evaluate the method. The results showed pros and cons for both of the two methods but also indicate that it is not necessary to abandon Mueller–Hinton without additives for the AST of B. melitensis.This research was funded by the EU Health Programme 2014–2020, through the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA, European Commission), the Joint Action EMERGE (CHAFEA n° 677 066) and the Joint Action SHARP (848096-SHARP JA).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe - the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction

The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm−2 yr−1. Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm−2 yr−1 with each 10 % increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm−2 yr−1. Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus), CO2 fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid interpretations of fossil PAR data.publishedVersio

Identification of Novel Genetic Loci Associated with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Clinical Thyroid Disease

Peer reviewe

Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role

Agrarian storytellers. Pollen and charred plant macrofossils of ancient field layers.

This paper offers a descriptive overview and main trends of pollen and macrofossil data obtained from 19 archaeological sites in Rogaland, SW Norway, excavated between 1998 and 2018. The dataset covers the period from late Neolithic until the Middle Ages. Pros and cons of the two botanical methods are discussed, concluding that there are clear advantages in joint application as there are significant differences in their statement value. Pollen and charred plant macrofossils function as complementary variables as they represent different biological stages of the same plant species, and because of differences in dispersal mechanisms and preservation in aerobic soils. The greater possibility to identify macrofossils of cereals and weeds to species and sub-species level is a strong advantage. By including pollen analysis, one achieves a higher total biodiversity, and by that the reflection of a wider environmental spectrum giving room for the inclusion of new issues in archaeological research

Agrarian storytellers. Pollen and charred plant macrofossils of ancient field layers.

This paper offers a descriptive overview and main trends of pollen and macrofossil data obtained from 19 archaeological sites in Rogaland, SW Norway, excavated between 1998 and 2018. The dataset covers the period from late Neolithic until the Middle Ages. Pros and cons of the two botanical methods are discussed, concluding that there are clear advantages in joint application as there are significant differences in their statement value. Pollen and charred plant macrofossils function as complementary variables as they represent different biological stages of the same plant species, and because of differences in dispersal mechanisms and preservation in aerobic soils. The greater possibility to identify macrofossils of cereals and weeds to species and sub-species level is a strong advantage. By including pollen analysis, one achieves a higher total biodiversity, and by that the reflection of a wider environmental spectrum giving room for the inclusion of new issues in archaeological research.publishedVersio

Botaniske analyser av makro- og mikrofossiler fra Jåsund gnr.1, Sola kommune

Oppdragsgiver: Bo1 ASUndersøkelsen er utført som følge av planlagt boligbygging på Jåsund og arkeologiske utgravninger utført i 2010 og 2011. Det er analysert 129 makrofossilprøver og 13 pollenprøver (23 innsamlet) fra kulturlag, rydningsrøyser og stolpehull. På bnr. 6 er det påvist beite (fehold) og åkerbruk (bygg) i tilknytning til kulturlag datert til bronsealder. På bnr. 19/20 er åkerbruk (agnekledd bygg og havre) påvist i tilknytning til hustuft, datert til romertid. På bnr. 27 er stakketuft med funn av gras, meldestokk og smalkjempe datert til bronsealder (grøft datert til Eldre bronsealder og stolpehull til Yngre bronsealder). På bnr. 10 sør er åkerbruk (naken bygg og emmer) funnet i tilknytning til et toskipet hus (hus 1) og datert til perioden sen-neolitikum - eldre bronsealder. Ardspor i tilknytning til kulturlag og internodier av korn inne i huset (lagring, rensing) tyder på lokal dyrking. Det er registrert mest korn i nordre del av huset, noe som tyder på funksjonsdeling